![]() Hydroxocobalamin was FDA-approved in 1975. Thus, parenteral therapy may be required. Other patients may not be able to absorb oral vitamin B12 due to surgical removal or dysfunction of the intestines in the area where absorption of vitamin B12 occurs. Oral therapy is not always effective, as some persons lack intrinsic factor, an endogenous substance produced by the stomach and necessary for oral B12 absorption. If vitamin B12 deficiency is not treated with a vitamin B12 supplement, then anemia, intestinal problems, and irreversible nerve damage may occur. Deficiency in healthy individuals is rare the elderly, strict vegetarians (i.e., vegan), and patients with malabsorption problems are more likely to become deficient. Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin found in foods such as meat, eggs, and dairy products. Vitamin B12 is essential to growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. ![]() ![]() Hydroxocobalamin is also used to treat megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, and other states of vitamin B12 deficiencies. In addition, hydroxocobalamin has been shown to bind both intra- and extracellular cyanide. Unlike other treatments for cyanide toxicity, amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite, hydroxocobalamin does not cause methemoglobinemia or hypotension. Sources of cyanide toxicity include hydrogen cyanide and its salts, cyanogenic plants, aliphatic nitriles, and prolonged therapy with sodium nitroprusside. Cyanide toxicity can occur from inhalation, ingestion, or exposure of the skin to various cyanide-containing compounds, including smoke inhalation from confined space fires. Hydroxocobalamin is used to treat known or suspected cyanide toxicity. ![]() Hydroxocobalamin is a parenteral preparation of vitamin B12 specifically, it is the hydroxylated active form of vitamin B12. ![]()
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